@article{Khan_I-2024_189580,
title = {Machine learning for Markov modeling of COVID-19 dynamics concerning air quality index, PM<sub>-2.5</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, PM<sub>-10</sub>, and O<sub>3</sub>},
author = {Khan, I. and Ullah, M. and Tripathi, S. and Sahu, M. and Zeb, A. and Gaba, F. and Kumar, A.},
month = {jun},
year = {2024},
abstract = {In this research machine learning technique is adopted for Markov modelling of the COVID-19 dynamics with variations in Air Quality Index AQI, PM-2.5, NO2, PM-10, and O3, respectively. Thus the long-run disease dynamics of the COVID-19 are studied concerning the Air Quality Index (AQI), PM-2.5, NO2, PM-10, and O3, respectively, by using eigen space decomposition. Data of the Chhattisgarh state of India is taken into consideration and the study analyzed in two phases. In Phase-1 the time duration is from March 15, 2020, to May 01, 2020, and for Phase-2 the time duration was from Jun 01, 2020, to Jul 15, 2020. Change in COVID-19 related to AQI showed that initially when the AQI changed from 103 to 84.83 the disease dynamics also changed, and the first cases of COVID-19 were reported. In the next two fortnights from March 15, 2020, and April 01, 2020, the dynamics were the same, latter the AQI changed from 84.83 to 63.83, but this change does not affect the disease dynamics in long run from April 15, 2020, to Jul 15, 2020. In phase 1 the solution obtained shows a cyclic trend with initially decreasing, then increasing, and again a decreasing trend for changes concerning PM-2.5. The disease dynamics concerning PM-2.5, NO2, PM-10, and O3, respectively, based on initial transition showed the same trend for PM-2.5, NO2, and PM-10. Moreover, for O3the disease dynamics were found different than the other three parameters. COVID-19 showed a negative correlation with AQI, PM-2.5, NO2, PM-10. Moreover a positive correlation with O3. This proved that the lockdown and ban on transport activities improved AQI, PM-2.5, NO2, PM-10, but not O3. The research exploits the learning capability of renowned Python machine learning module sklearn to solve the Markov model. The findings prove that Markov modeling is promising method for planning control measures for disease with compatibility to air quality alterations.},
pages = {121-134},
volume = {12},
issue = {2},
journal = {International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements},
publisher = {IIETA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.18280/ijcmem.120202},
}
