@article{Zhao_C-2025_195402,
title = {Characterising the asynchronous resurgence of common respiratory viruses following the COVID-19 pandemic},
author = {Zhao, C. and Zhang, T. and Guo, L. and Sun, S. and Miao, Y. and Yung, C. and Tomlinson, J. and Stolyarov, K. and Shchomak, Z. and Poovorawan, Y. and Nokes, D. and Muñoz-Almagro, C. and Mandelboim, M. and Keck, J. and Langley, J. and Heikkinen, T. and Deng, J. and Colson, P. and Chakhunashvili, G. and T Caballero, M. and Bont, L. and Feikin, D. and Nair, H. and Wang, X. and Li, Y. and Respiratory Virus Global Epidemiology Network},
month = {feb},
year = {2025},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic and relevant non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) interrupted the circulation of common respiratory viruses. These viruses demonstrated an unprecedented asynchronous resurgence as NPIs were relaxed. We compiled a global dataset from a systematic review, online surveillance reports and unpublished data from Respiratory Virus Global Epidemiology Network, encompassing 92 sites. We compared the resurgence timings of respiratory viruses within each site and synthesized differences in timings across sites, using a generalised linear mixed-effects model. We revealed a distinct sequential timing in the first post-pandemic resurgence: rhinovirus resurged the earliest, followed by seasonal coronavirus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, metapneumovirus and influenza A virus, with influenza B virus exhibiting the latest resurgence. Similar sequential timing was observed in the second resurgence except influenza A virus caught up with metapneumovirus. The consistent asynchrony across geographical regions suggests that virus-specific characteristics, rather than location-specific factors, determining the relative timing of resurgence.},
volume = {16},
journal = {Nature Communications},
publisher = {Springer Nature},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56776-z},
}
