TY - JOUR
AU - Jones, Rupert
AU - Davis, Andrew
AU - Stanley, Brooklyn
AU - Julious, Steven A.
AU - Ryan, Dermot
AU - Jackson, David J.
AU - Halpin, David M.G.
AU - Hickman, Katherine
AU - Pinnock, Hilary
AU - Quint, Jennifer K.
AU - Khunti, Kamlesh
AU - Heaney, Liam G.
AU - Oliver, Phillip
AU - Siddiqui, Salman
AU - Pavord, Ian D.
AU - Jones, David HM
AU - Hyland, Michael E
AU - Ritchie, Lewis
AU - Young, Pam
AU - Megaw, Tony
AU - Hardjojo, Antony
AU - Carter, Victoria
AU - van Melle, Marije
AU - Davis, Steven
AU - Walker, Samantha
AU - Holgate, Stephen
AU - Beecroft, Sue
AU - Kemppinen, Anu
AU - Appiagyei, Francis
AU - Roberts, Emma-Jane
AU - Preston, Megan
AU - Price, David
PY - 2021
DA - August
TI - Risk Predictors and Symptom Features of Long COVID Within a Broad Primary Care Patient Population Including Both Tested and Untested Patients
JO - Pragmatic and Observational Research
EP - 104
VL - 12
DO - https://doi.org/10.2147/POR.S316186
AB - Introduction:Symptoms may persist after the initial phases of COVID-19 infection, a phenomenon termed long COVID. Current knowledge on long COVID has been mostly derived from test-confirmed and hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Data are required on the burden and predictors of long COVID in a broader patient group, which includes both tested and untested COVID-19 patients in primary care.Methods:This is an observational study using data from Platform C19, a quality improvement program-derived research database linking primary care electronic health record data (EHR) with patient-reported questionnaire information. Participating general practices invited consenting patients aged 18– 85 to complete an online questionnaire since 7th August 2020. COVID-19 self-diagnosis, clinician-diagnosis, testing, and the presence and duration of symptoms were assessed via the questionnaire. Patients were considered present with long COVID if they reported symptoms lasting ≥ 4 weeks. EHR and questionnaire data up till 22nd January 2021 were extracted for analysis. Multivariable regression analyses were conducted comparing demographics, clinical characteristics, and presence of symptoms between patients with long COVID and patients with shorter symptom duration.Results:Long COVID was present in 310/3151 (9.8%) patients with self-diagnosed, clinician-diagnosed, or test-confirmed COVID-19. Only 106/310 (34.2%) long COVID patients had test-confirmed COVID-19. Risk predictors of long COVID were age ≥ 40 years (adjusted Odds Ratio [AdjOR]=1.49 [1.05– 2.17]), female sex (adjOR=1.37 [1.02– 1.85]), frailty (adjOR=2.39 [1.29– 4.27]), visit to A&amp;E (adjOR=4.28 [2.31– 7.78]), and hospital admission for COVID-19 symptoms (adjOR=3.22 [1.77– 5.79]). Aches and pain (adjOR=1.70 [1.21– 2.39]), appetite loss (adjOR=3.15 [1.78– 5.92]), confusion and disorientation (adjOR=2.17 [1.57– 2.99]), diarrhea (adjOR=1.4 [1.03– 1.89]), and persistent dry cough (adjOR=2.77 [1.94– 3.98]) were symptom features statistically more common in long COVID.Conclusion:This study reports the factors and symptom features predicting long COVID in a broad primary care population, including both test-confirmed and the previously missed group of COVID-19 patients.
PB - Dove Press
UR - https://aura.abdn.ac.uk/handle/2164/16940
KW - Coronavirus (COVID-19)
KW - Hospital care
ER