@article{Park_S-2022_119734,
title = {Nonpharmaceutical interventions reduce the incidence and mortality of COVID‐19: a study based on the survey from the International COVID‐19 Research Network (ICRN)},
author = {Park, S. and Hong, S. and Kim, K. and Lee, S. and Yon, D. and Jung, S. and Abdeen, Z. and Ghayda, R. and Ahmed, M. and Serouri, A. and Al‐Herz, W. and Al‐Shamsi, H. and Ali, S. and Ali, K. and Baatarkhuu, O. and Nielsen, H. and Bernini‐Carri, E. and Bondarenko, A. and Cassell, A. and Cham, A. and Chua, M. and Dadabhai, S. and Darre, T. and Davtyan, H. and Dragioti, E. and East, B. and Edwards, R. and Ferioli, M. and Georgiev, T. and Ghandour, L. and Harapan, H. and Hsueh, P. and Mallah, S. and Ikram, A. and Inoue, S. and Jacob, L. and Janković, S. and Jayarajah, U. and Jesenak, M. and Kakodkar, P. and Kapata, N. and Kebede, Y. and Khader, Y. and Kifle, M. and Koh, D. and Maleš, V. and Kotfis, K. and Koyanagi, A. and Kretchy, J. and Lakoh, S. and Lee, J. and Lee, J. and Mendonça, M. and Ling, L. and Llibre‐Guerra, J. and Machida, M. and Makurumidze, R. and Memish, Z. and Mendoza, I. and Moiseev, S. and Nadasdy, T. and Nahshon, C. and Ñamendys‐Silva, S. and Yongsi, B. and Nicolasora, A. and Nugmanova, Z. and Oh, H. and Oksanen, A. and Owopetu, O. and Ozguler, Z. and Parperis, K. and Perez, G. and Pongpirul, K. and Rademaker, M. and Radojevic, N. and Roca, A. and Rodriguez‐Morales, A. and Roshi, E. and Saeed, K. and Sah, R. and Sakakushev, B. and Sallam, D. and Sathian, B. and Schober, P. and Ali, P. and Simonović, Z. and Singhal, T. and Skhvitaridze, N. and Solmi, M. and Subbaram, K. and Tizaoui, K. and Tlhakanelo, J. and Torales, J. and Torres‐Roman, J. and Tsartsalis, D. and Tsolmon, J. and Vieira, D. and Rosa, S. and Wanghi, G. and Wollina, U. and Xu, R. and Yang, L. and Zia, K. and Zildzic, M. and Il Shin, J. and Smith, L.},
month = {nov},
year = {2022},
abstract = {The recently emerged novel coronavirus, “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2),” caused a highly contagious disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It has severely damaged the world's most developed countries and has turned into a major threat for low- and middle-income countries. Since its emergence in late 2019, medical interventions have been substantial, and most countries relied on public health measures collectively known as nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). We aimed to centralize the accumulative knowledge of NPIs against COVID-19 for each country under one worldwide consortium. International COVID-19 Research Network collaborators developed a cross-sectional online survey to assess the implications of NPIs and sanitary supply on the incidence and mortality of COVID-19. The survey was conducted between January 1 and February 1, 2021, and participants from 92 countries/territories completed it. The association between NPIs, sanitation supplies, and incidence and mortality were examined by multivariate regression, with the log-transformed value of population as an offset value. The majority of countries/territories applied several preventive strategies, including social distancing (100.0%), quarantine (100.0%), isolation (98.9%), and school closure (97.8%). Individual-level preventive measures such as personal hygiene (100.0%) and wearing facial masks (94.6% at hospitals; 93.5% at mass transportation; 91.3% in mass gathering facilities) were also frequently applied. Quarantine at a designated place was negatively associated with incidence and mortality compared to home quarantine. Isolation at a designated place was also associated with reduced mortality compared to home isolation. Recommendations to use sanitizer for personal hygiene reduced incidence compared to the recommendation to use soap. Deprivation of masks was associated with increased incidence. Higher incidence and mortality were found in countries/territories with higher economic levels. Mask deprivation was pervasive regardless of economic level. NPIs against COVID-19 such as using sanitizer, quarantine, and isolation can decrease the incidence and mortality of COVID-19.},
volume = {95},
issue = {2},
journal = {Journal of Medical Virology},
publisher = {Wiley},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.28354},
}
