@article{Thwaites_R-2021_26869,
title = {Inflammatory profiles across the spectrum of disease reveal a distinct role for GM-CSF in severe COVID-19},
author = {Thwaites, R. and Uruchurtu, A. and Siggins, M. and Liew, F. and Russell, C. and Moore, S. and Fairfield, C. and Carter, E. and Abrams, S. and Short, C. and Thaventhiran, T. and Bergstrom, E. and Gardener, Z. and Ascough , S. and Chiu, C. and Docherty, A. and Hunt, D. and Crow, J. and Solomon, T. and Taylor , G. and Turtle, L. and Harrison, E. and Dunning, J. and Semple, M. and Baillie, J. and Openshaw, P. and ISARIC4C Investigators},
month = {mar},
year = {2021},
abstract = {While it is now widely accepted that host inflammatory responses contribute to lung injury, the pathways that drive severity and distinguish coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from other viral lung diseases remain poorly characterized. We analyzed plasma samples from 471 hospitalized patients recruited through the prospective multicenter ISARIC4C study and 39 outpatients with mild disease, enabling extensive characterization of responses across a full spectrum of COVID-19 severity. Progressive elevation of levels of numerous inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (including IL-6, CXCL10, and GM-CSF) were associated with severity and accompanied by elevated markers of endothelial injury and thrombosis. Principal component and network analyses demonstrated central roles for IL-6 and GM-CSF in COVID -19 pathogenesis. Comparing these profiles to archived samples from patients with fatal influenza, IL-6 was equally elevated in both conditions whereas GM-CSF was prominent only in COVID-19. These findings further identify the key inflammatory, thrombotic, and vascular factors that characterize and distinguish severe and fatal COVID-19.},
volume = {6},
issue = {57},
journal = {Science Immunology},
publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.abg9873},
}
