@article{Wilkinson_E-2021_47045,
title = {A year of genomic surveillance reveals how the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic unfolded in Africa},
author = {Wilkinson, E. and Giovanetti, M. and Tegally, H. and San, J. and Lessells, R. and Cuadros, D. and Martin, D. and Rasmussen, D. and Zekri, A. and Sangare, A. and Ouedraogo, A. and Sesay, A. and Priscilla, A. and Kemi, A. and Olubusuyi, A. and Oluwapelumi, A. and Hammami, A. and Amuri, A. and Sayed, A. and Ouma, A. and Elargoubi, A. and Anthony, A. and Victoria, A. and Kazeem, A. and George, A. and Trotter, A. and Yahaya, A. and Keita, A. and Diallo, A. and Kone, A. and Souissi, A. and Chtourou, A. and Gutierrez, A. and Page, A. and Vinze, A. and Iranzadeh, A. and Lambisia, A. and Ismail, A. and Rosemary, A. and Sylverken, A. and Femi, A. and Ibrahimi, A. and Marycelin, B. and Oderinde, B. and Bolajoko, B. and Dhaala, B. and Herring, B. and Njanpop-Lafourcade, B. and Kleinhans, B. and McInnis, B. and Tegomoh, B. and Brook, C. and Pratt, C. and Scheepers, C. and Akoua-Koffi, C. and Agoti, C. and Peyrefitte, C. and Daubenberger, C. and Morang'a, C. and Nokes, D. and Amoako, D. and Bugembe, D. and Park, D. and Baker, D. and Doolabh, D. and Ssemwanga, D. and Tshiabuila, D. and Bassirou, D. and Amuzu, D. and Goedhals, D. and Omuoyo, D. and Maruapula, D. and Foster-Nyarko, E. and Lusamaki, E. and Simulundu, E. and Ong'era, E. and Ngabana, E. and Shumba, E. and Fahime, E. and Lokilo, E. and Mukantwari, E. and Philomena, E. and Belarbi, E. and Simon-Loriere, E. and Anoh, E. and Leendertz, F. and Ajili, F. and Enoch, F. and Wasfi, F. and Abdelmoula, F. and Mosha, F. and Takawira, F. and Derrar, F. and Bouzid, F. and Onikepe, F. and Adeola, F. and Muyembe, F. and Tanser, F. and Dratibi, F. and Mbunsu, G. and Thilliez, G. and Kay, G. and Githinji, G. and van Zyl, G. and Awandare, G. and Schubert, G. and Maphalala, G. and Ranaivoson, H. and Lemriss, H. and Anise, H. and Abe, H. and Karray, H. and Nansumba, H. and Elgahzaly, H. and Gumbo, H. and Smeti, I. and Ayed, I. and Odia, I. and Boubaker, I. and Gaaloul, I. and Gazy, I. and Mudau, I. and Ssewanyana, I. and Konstantinus, I. and Lekana-Douk, J. and Makangara, J. and Tamfum, J. and Heraud, J. and Shaffer, J. and Giandhari, J. and Li, J. and Yasuda, J. and Mends, J. and Kiconco, J. and Morobe, J. and Gyapong, J. and Okolie, J. and Kayiwa, J. and Edwards, J. and Gyamfi, J. and Farah, J. and Nakaseegu, J. and Ngoi, J. and Namulondo, J. and Andeko, J. and Lutwama, J. and O'Grady, J. and Siddle, K. and Adeyemi, K. and Tumedi, K. and Said, K. and Hae-Young, K. and Duedu, K. and Belyamani, L. and Fki-Berrajah, L. and Singh, L. and de Oliveira Martins, L. and Tyers, L. and Ramuth, M. and Mastouri, M. and Aouni, M. and el Hefnawi, M. and Matsheka, M. and Kebabonye, M. and Diop, M. and Turki, M. and Paye, M. and Nyaga, M. and Mareka, M. and Damaris, M. and Mburu, M. and Mpina, M. and Nwando, M. and Owusu, M. and Wiley, M. and Youtchou, M. and Ayekaba, M. and Abouelhoda, M. and Seadawy, M. and Khalifa, M. and Sekhele, M. and Ouadghiri, M. and Diagne, M. and Mwenda, M. and Allam, M. and Phan, M. and Abid, N. and Touil, N. and Rujeni, N. and Kharrat, N. and Ismael, N. and Dia, N. and Mabunda, N. and Hsiao, N. and Silochi, N. and Nsenga, N. and Gumede, N. and Mulder, N. and Ndodo, N. and Razanajatovo, N. and Iguosadolo, N. and Judith, O. and Kingsley, O. and Sylvanus, O. and Peter, O. and Femi, O. and Idowu, O. and Testimony, O. and Chukwuma, O. and Ogah, O. and Chika, O. and Cyril, O. and Faye, O. and Tomori, O. and Ondoa, P. and Combe, P. and Semanda, P. and Oluniyi, P. and Arnaldo, P. and Quashie, P. and Dussart, P. and Bester, P. and Mbala, P. and Ayivor-Djanie, R. and Njouom, R. and Phillips, R. and Gorman, R. and Kingsley, R. and Carr, R. and Kabbaj, S. and Gargouri, S. and Masmoudi, S. and Sankhe, S. and Lawal, S. and Kassim, S. and Trabelsi, S. and Metha, S. and Kammoun, S. and Lemriss, S. and Agwa, S. and Calvignac-Spencer, S. and Schaffner, S. and Doumbia, S. and Mandanda, S. and Aryeetey, S. and Ahmed, S. and Elhamoumi, S. and Andriamandimby, S. and Tope, S. and Lekana-Douki, S. and Prosolek, S. and Ouangraoua, S. and Mundeke, S. and Rudder, S. and Panji, S. and Pillay, S. and Engelbrecht, S. and Nabadda, S. and Behillil, S. and Budiaki, S. and van der Werf, S. and Mashe, T. and Aanniz, T. and Mohale, T. and Le-Viet, T. and Schindler, T. and Anyaneji, U. and Chinedu, U. and Ramphal, U. and Jessica, U. and George, U. and Fonseca, V. and Enouf, V. and Gorova, V. and Roshdy, W. and Ampofo, W. and Preiser, W. and Choga, W. and Bediako, Y. and Naidoo, Y. and Butera, Y. and de Laurent, Z. and Sall, A. and Rebai, A. and von Gottberg, A. and Kouriba, B. and Williamson, C. and Bridges, D. and Chikwe, I. and Bhiman, J. and Mine, M. and Cotten, M. and Moyo, S. and Gaseitsiwe, S. and Saasa, N. and Sabeti, P. and Kaleebu, P. and Tebeje, Y. and Tessema, S. and Happi, C. and Nkengasong, J. and De Oliveira, T.},
month = {sep},
year = {2021},
abstract = {The progression of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Africa has so far been heterogeneous and the full impact is not yet well understood. Here, we describe the genomic epidemiology using a dataset of 8746 genomes from 33 African countries and two overseas territories. We show that the epidemics in most countries were initiated by importations predominantly from Europe, which diminished following the early introduction of international travel restrictions. As the pandemic progressed, ongoing transmission in many countries and increasing mobility led to the emergence and spread within the continent of many variants of concern and interest, such as B.1.351, B.1.525, A.23.1 and C.1.1. Although distorted by low sampling numbers and blind spots, the findings highlight that Africa must not be left behind in the global pandemic response, otherwise it could become a source for new variants.},
pages = {423-431},
volume = {374},
journal = {Science  },
publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abj4336},
}
