TY - JOUR
AU - Liew, Felicity
AU - Efstathiou, Claudia
AU - Fontanella, Sara
AU - Richardson, Matthew
AU - Saunders, Ruth
AU - Swieboda, Dawid
AU - Sidhu, Jasmin K.
AU - Ascough, Stephanie
AU - Moore, Shona C.
AU - Mohamed, Noura
AU - Nunag, Jose
AU - King, Clara
AU - Leavy, Olivia C.
AU - Elneima, Omer
AU - McAuley, Hamish J.C.
AU - Shikotra, Aarti
AU - Singapuri, Amisha
AU - Sereno, Marco
AU - Harris, Victoria C.
AU - Houchen-Wollof, Linzy
AU - Greening, Neil J.
AU - Lone, Nazir I.
AU - Thorpe, Matthew
AU - Thompson, A. A. Roger
AU - Rowland-Jones, Sarah L.
AU - Docherty, Annemarie B.
AU - Chalmers, James D.
AU - Ho, Ling-Pei
AU - Horsley, Alexander
AU - Raman, Betty
AU - Poinasamy, Krisnah
AU - Marks, Michael
AU - Kon, Onn Min
AU - Howard, Luke S.
AU - Wootton, Daniel G.
AU - Quint, Jennifer K.
AU - de Silva, Thushan I.
AU - Ho, Antonia
AU - Chiu, Christopher
AU - Harrison, Ewen M.
AU - Greenhalf, William
AU - Baillie, J. Kenneth
AU - Semple, Malcolm G.
AU - Turtle, Lance C.W.
AU - Evans, Rachael A.
AU - Wain, Louise V.
AU - Brightling, Christopher
AU - Thwaites, Ryan S.
AU - Openshaw, Peter J.M.
AU - The PHOSP-COVID Collaborative Group
AU - ISARIC Investigators
PY - 2024
DA - April
TI - Large-scale phenotyping of patients with long COVID post-hospitalization reveals mechanistic subtypes of disease
JO - Nature Immunology
EP - 621
VL - 25
DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-024-01778-0
AB - One in ten severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections result in prolonged symptoms termed long coronavirus disease (COVID), yet disease phenotypes and mechanisms are poorly understood1. Here we profiled 368 plasma proteins in 657 participants ≥3 months following hospitalization. Of these, 426 had at least one long COVID symptom and 233 had fully recovered. Elevated markers of myeloid inflammation and complement activation were associated with long COVID. IL-1R2, MATN2 and COLEC12 were associated with cardiorespiratory symptoms, fatigue and anxiety/depression; MATN2, CSF3 and C1QA were elevated in gastrointestinal symptoms and C1QA was elevated in cognitive impairment. Additional markers of alterations in nerve tissue repair (SPON-1 and NFASC) were elevated in those with cognitive impairment and SCG3, suggestive of brain–gut axis disturbance, was elevated in gastrointestinal symptoms. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) was persistently elevated in some individuals with long COVID, but virus was not detected in sputum. Analysis of inflammatory markers in nasal fluids showed no association with symptoms. Our study aimed to understand inflammatory processes that underlie long COVID and was not designed for biomarker discovery. Our findings suggest that specific inflammatory pathways related to tissue damage are implicated in subtypes of long COVID, which might be targeted in future therapeutic trials.
PB - Springer Nature
UR - https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/316180/
KW - Coronavirus (COVID-19)
KW - Hospital care
ER