TY - JOUR
AU - Pirkis, Jane
AU - John, Ann
AU - Shin, Sangsoo
AU - DelPozo-Banos, Marcos
AU - Arya, Vikas
AU - Aguilar, Pablo Analuisa
AU - Appleby, Louis
AU - Arensman, Ella
AU - Bantjes, Jason
AU - Baran, Anna
AU - Bertolote, Jose M.
AU - Borges, Guilherme
AU - Brečić, Petrana
AU - Caine, Eric
AU - Castelpietra, Giulio
AU - Chang, Shu-Sen
AU - Colchester, David
AU - Crompton, David
AU - Curkovic, Marko
AU - Deisenhammer, Eberhard A.
AU - Du, Chengan
AU - Dwyer, Jeremy
AU - Erlangsen, Annette
AU - Faust, Jeremy S.
AU - Fortune, Sarah
AU - Garrett, Andrew
AU - George, Devin
AU - Gerstner, Rebekka
AU - Gilissen, Renske
AU - Gould, Madelyn
AU - Hawton, Keith
AU - Kanter, Joseph
AU - Kapur, Navneet
AU - Khan, Murad
AU - Kirtley, Olivia J.
AU - Knipe, Duleeka
AU - Kõlves, Kairi
AU - Leske, Stuart
AU - Marahatta, Kedar
AU - Mittendorfer-Rutz, Ellenor
AU - Neznanov, Nikolay
AU - Niederkrotenthaler, Thomas
AU - Nielsen, Emma
AU - Nordentoft, Merete
AU - Oberlerchner, Herwig
AU - O'Connor, Rory C.
AU - Pearson, Melissa
AU - Phillips, Michael R.
AU - Platt, Steve
AU - Plener, Paul L.
AU - Psota, Georg
AU - Qin, Ping
AU - Radeloff, Daniel
AU - Rados, Christa
AU - Reif, Andreas
AU - Reif-Leonhard, Christine
AU - Rozanov, Vsevolod
AU - Schlang, Christiane
AU - Schneider, Barbara
AU - Semenova, Natalia
AU - Sinyor, Mark
AU - Townsend, Ellen
AU - Ueda, Michiko
AU - Vijayakumar, Lakshmi
AU - Webb, Roger T.
AU - Weerasinghe, Manjula
AU - Zalsman, Gil
AU - Gunnell, David
AU - Spittal, Matthew J.
PY - 2021
DA - April
TI - Suicide trends in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic: interrupted time series analysis of preliminary data from 21 countries
JO -  Lancet Psychiatry
EP - 588
VL - 8
IS - 7
DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00091-2
AB - Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is having profound mental health consequences for many people. Concerns have been expressed that, at their most extreme, these consequences could manifest as increased suicide rates. We aimed to assess the early effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide rates around the world. Methods: We sourced real-time suicide data from countries or areas within countries through a systematic internet search and recourse to our networks and the published literature. Between Sept 1 and Nov 1, 2020, we searched the official websites of these countries’ ministries of health, police agencies, and government-run statistics agencies or equivalents, using the translated search terms “suicide” and “cause of death”, before broadening the search in an attempt to identify data through other public sources. Data were included from a given country or area if they came from an official government source and were available at a monthly level from at least Jan 1, 2019, to July 31, 2020. Our internet searches were restricted to countries with more than 3 million residents for pragmatic reasons, but we relaxed this rule for countries identified through the literature and our networks. Areas within countries could also be included with populations of less than 3 million. We used an interrupted time-series analysis to model the trend in monthly suicides before COVID-19 (from at least Jan 1, 2019, to March 31, 2020) in each country or area within a country, comparing the expected number of suicides derived from the model with the observed number of suicides in the early months of the pandemic (from April 1 to July 31, 2020, in the primary analysis). Findings: We sourced data from 21 countries (16 high-income and five upper-middle-income countries), including whole-country data in ten countries and data for various areas in 11 countries). Rate ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs based on the observed versus expected numbers of suicides showed no evidence of a significant increase in risk of suicide since the pandemic began in any country or area. There was statistical evidence of a decrease in suicide compared with the expected number in 12 countries or areas: New South Wales, Australia (RR 0·81 [95% CI 0·72–0·91]); Alberta, Canada (0·80 [0·68–0·93]); British Columbia, Canada (0·76 [0·66–0·87]); Chile (0·85 [0·78–0·94]); Leipzig, Germany (0·49 [0·32–0·74]); Japan (0·94 [0·91–0·96]); New Zealand (0·79 [0·68–0·91]); South Korea (0·94 [0·92–0·97]); California, USA (0·90 [0·85–0·95]); Illinois (Cook County), USA (0·79 [0·67–0·93]); Texas (four counties), USA (0·82 [0·68–0·98]); and Ecuador (0·74 [0·67–0·82]). Interpretation: This is the first study to examine suicides occurring in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in multiple countries. In high-income and upper-middle-income countries, suicide numbers have remained largely unchanged or declined in the early months of the pandemic compared with the expected levels based on the pre-pandemic period. We need to remain vigilant and be poised to respond if the situation changes as the longer-term mental health and economic effects of the pandemic unfold.
PB - Elsevier
UR - http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/235408/
KW - Coronavirus (COVID-19)
KW - Mental health and wellbeing
ER