TY - JOUR
AU - Sokolowska, Milena
AU - Lukasik, Zuzanna M.
AU - Akdis, Cezmi A.
AU - Akdis, Deniz
AU - Akdis, Mübeccel 
AU - Barcik, Weronika
AU - Brough, Helen
AU - Eiwegger, Thomas
AU - Eljaszewicz, Andrzej
AU - Eyerich, Stefanie
AU - Feleszko, Wojciech
AU - Gomez-Casado, Cristina
AU - Hoffmann‐Sommergruber, Karin
AU - Janda, Jozef
AU - Jiménez‐Saiz, Rodrigo
AU - Jutel, Marek
AU - Knol, Edward F.
AU - Krohn, Inge Kortekaas
AU - Kothari, Akash
AU - Makowska, Joanna
AU - Moniuszko, Marcin
AU - Morita, Hideaki
AU - O'Mahony, Liam
AU - Nadeau, Kari C.
AU - Cevdet, Ozdemir
AU - Pali-Schöll, Isabella
AU - Palomares, Oscar
AU - Papaleo, Francesco
AU - Prunicki, Mary
AU - Schmidt-Weber, Carsten B.
AU - Sediva, Anna
AU - Schwarze, Jürgen
AU - Shamji, Mohamed H.
AU - Tramper-Stranders, Gerdien A.
AU - Van De Veen, Willem
AU - Untersmayr, Eva
PY - 2020
DA - June
TI - Immunology of COVID-19: mechanisms, clinical outcome, diagnostics and perspectives – a report of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)
JO - Allergy
DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/all.14462
AB - With the worldwide spread of the novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) resulting in declaration of a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020, the SARS-CoV-2-induced Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has become one of the main challenges of our times. The high infection rate and the severe disease course led to major safety and social restriction measures worldwide. There is an urgent need of unbiased expert knowledge guiding the development of efficient treatment and prevention strategies. This report summarizes current immunological data on mechanisms associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 development and progression to the most severe forms. We characterize the differences between adequate innate and adaptive immune response in mild disease and the deep immune dysfunction in the severe multi-organ disease. The similarities of the human immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV are underlined. We also summarize known and potential SARS-CoV-2 receptors on epithelial barriers, immune cells, endothelium and clinically involved organs such as lung, gut, kidney, cardiovascular and neuronal system. Finally, we discuss the known and potential mechanisms underlying the involvement of comorbidities, gender and age in development of COVID-19. Consequently, we highlight the knowledge gaps and urgent research requirements to provide a quick roadmap for ongoing and needed COVID-19 studies.
PB - Wiley
UR - https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/3c19eabd-c307-4dce-8166-fa01cb7fb45c
KW - Coronavirus (COVID-19)
ER