TY - JOUR
AU - Rosadas, Carolina
AU - Khan, Maryam
AU - Parker, Eleanor
AU - Marchesin, Federica
AU - Katsanovskaja, Ksenia
AU - Sureda-Vives, Macià
AU - Fernandez, Natalia
AU - Randell, Paul A.
AU - Harvey, Ruth
AU - Lilley, Alice
AU - Harris, Benjamin H.L.
AU - Zuhair, Mohamed
AU - Fertleman, Michael
AU - Ijaz, Samreen
AU - Dicks, Steve
AU - Short, Charlotte-Eve
AU - Quinlan, Rachael
AU - Taylor, Graham P.
AU - Hu, Kai
AU - McKay, Paul
AU - Rosa, Annachiara
AU - Roustan, Chloe
AU - Zuckerman, Mark
AU - El Bouzidi, Kate
AU - Cooke, Graham S.
AU - Flower, Barnaby
AU - Moshe, Maya
AU - Elliott, Paul
AU - Spencer, Alexandra J.
AU - Lambe, Teresa
AU - Gilbert, Sarah C.
AU - Kingston, Hugh
AU - Baillie, J. Kenneth
AU - Openshaw, Peter J.M.
AU - Semple, Malcolm G.
AU - Cherepanov, Peter
AU - McClure, Myra O.
AU - Tedder, Richard S.
AU - ISARIC4C Investigators
PY - 2022
DA - April
TI - Detection and quantification of antibody to SARS CoV 2 receptor binding domain provides enhanced sensitivity, specificity and utility
JO - Journal of Virological Methods 
VL - 302
DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2022.114475
AB - Accurate and sensitive detection of antibody to SARS-CoV-2 remains an essential component of the pandemic response. Measuring antibody that predicts neutralising activity and the vaccine response is an absolute requirement for laboratory-based confirmatory and reference activity. The viral receptor binding domain (RBD) constitutes the prime target antigen for neutralising antibody. A double antigen binding assay (DABA), providing the most sensitive format has been exploited in a novel hybrid manner employing a solid-phase S1 preferentially presenting RBD, coupled with a labelled RBD conjugate, used in a two-step sequential assay for detection and measurement of antibody to RBD (anti-RBD). This class and species neutral assay showed a specificity of 100 % on 825 pre COVID-19 samples and a potential sensitivity of 99.6 % on 276 recovery samples, predicting quantitatively the presence of neutralising antibody determined by pseudo-type neutralization and by plaque reduction. Anti-RBD is also measurable in ferrets immunised with ChadOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine and in humans immunised with both AstraZeneca and Pfizer vaccines. This assay detects anti-RBD at presentation with illness, demonstrates its elevation with disease severity, its sequel to asymptomatic infection and its persistence after the loss of antibody to the nucleoprotein (anti-NP). It also provides serological confirmation of prior infection and offers a secure measure for seroprevalence and studies of vaccine immunisation in human and animal populations. The hybrid DABA also displays the attributes necessary for the detection and quantification of anti-RBD to be used in clinical practice. An absence of detectable anti-RBD by this assay predicates the need for passive immune prophylaxis in at-risk patients.
PB - Elsevier
UR - http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/264683/
KW - Coronavirus (COVID-19)
ER