TY - JOUR
AU - Daines, Luke
AU - Mulholland, Rachel H.
AU - Vasileiou, Eleftheria
AU - Hammersley, Vicky
AU - Weatherill, David
AU - Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal
AU - Kerr, Steven
AU - Moore, Emily
AU - Pesenti, Elisa
AU - Quint, Jennifer K.
AU - Shah, Syed Ahmar
AU - Shi, Ting
AU - Simpson, Colin R
AU - Robertson, Chris
AU - Sheikh, Aziz
PY - 2022
DA - July
TI - Deriving and validating a risk prediction model for long COVID-19: protocol for an observational cohort study using linked Scottish data
JO - BMJ Open
VL - 12
IS - 7
DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059385
AB - Introduction: COVID-19 is commonly experienced as an acute illness, yet some people continue to have symptoms that persist for weeks, or months (commonly referred to as ‘long-COVID’). It remains unclear which patients are at highest risk of developing long-COVID. In this protocol, we describe plans to develop a prediction model to identify individuals at risk of developing long-COVID. Methods and analysis: We will use the national Early Pandemic Evaluation and Enhanced Surveillance of COVID-19 (EAVE II) platform, a population-level linked dataset of routine electronic healthcare data from 5.4 million individuals in Scotland. We will identify potential indicators for long-COVID by identifying patterns in primary care data linked to information from out-of-hours general practitioner encounters, accident and emergency visits, hospital admissions, outpatient visits, medication prescribing/dispensing and mortality. We will investigate the potential indicators of long-COVID by performing a matched analysis between those with a positive reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) test for SARS-CoV-2 infection and two control groups: (1) individuals with at least one negative RT-PCR test and never tested positive; (2) the general population (everyone who did not test positive) of Scotland. Cluster analysis will then be used to determine the final definition of the outcome measure for long-COVID. We will then derive, internally and externally validate a prediction model to identify the epidemiological risk factors associated with long-COVID. Ethics and dissemination: The EAVE II study has obtained approvals from the Research Ethics Committee (reference: 12/SS/0201), and the Public Benefit and Privacy Panel for Health and Social Care (reference: 1920-0279). Study findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences. Understanding the predictors for long-COVID and identifying the patient groups at greatest risk of persisting symptoms will inform future treatments and preventative strategies for long-COVID.
PB - BMJ Publishing Group
UR - http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/274661/
KW - Coronavirus (COVID-19)
ER