TY - JOUR
AU - Siddiqi, Kamran
AU - Siddiqui, Faraz
AU - Khan, Amina
AU - Ansaari, Saeed
AU - Kanaan, Mona
AU - Khokhar, Mariam
AU - Islam, Ziauddin
AU - Mishu, Masuma Pervin
AU - Bauld, Linda
PY - 2020
DA - October
TI - The impact of COVID-19 on smoking patterns in Pakistan: findings from a longitudinal survey of smokers
JO - Nicotine and Tobacco Research 
EP - 769
VL - 23
IS - 4
DO - https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaa207
AB - Introduction We investigated the influence of COVID-19 on smoking patterns in Pakistan. Methods In a longitudinal survey, we asked cigarette smokers in Pakistan about their smoking behaviours before and since COVID-19. Smokers were recruited before COVID-19 using two-stage random probability sampling. Since COVID-19, three subsequent waves were conducted over the telephone, asking additional questions on social determinants, mental health and wellbeing. Based on the first two waves, we estimated the proportion of smokers who stopped, decreased, maintained, or increased smoking. We also explored any factors associated with the change in smoking patterns. In those who stopped smoking soon after COVID-19, we estimated the proportion relapsed in subsequent waves. We estimated all proportions based on complete-case analysis.
PB - Oxford University Press
UR - https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/the-impact-of-covid19-on-smoking-patterns-in-pakistan(bfc5c6ab-4e4d-4d05-be30-68a4b50d37ce).html
KW - Coronavirus (COVID-19)
KW - Alcohol, tobacco and drugs
ER