TY - JOUR
AU - Takahashi, Takehiro
AU - Ellingson, Mallory K.
AU - Wong, Patrick
AU - Israelow, Benjamin
AU - Lucas, Carolina
AU - Klein, Jon
AU - Silva, Julio
AU - Mao, Tianyang
AU - Oh, Ji Eun
AU - Tokuyama, Maria
AU - Lu, Peiwen
AU - Venkataraman, Arvind
AU - Park, Annsea
AU - Liu, Feimei
AU - Meir, Amit
AU - Sun, Jonathan
AU - Wang, Eric Y.
AU - Casanovas-Massana, Arnau
AU - Wyllie, Anne L.
AU - Vogels, Chantal B. F.
AU - Earnest, Rebecca
AU - Lapidus, Sarah
AU - Ott, Isabel M.
AU - Moore, Adam J.
AU - Anastasio, Kelly
AU - Askenase, Michael H.
AU - Batsu, Maria
AU - Beatty, Hannah
AU - Bermejo, Santos
AU - Bickerton, Sean
AU - Brower, Kristina
AU - Bucklin, Molly L.
AU - Cahill, Staci
AU - Campbell, Melissa
AU - Cao, Yiyun
AU - Courchaine, Edward
AU - Datta, Rupak
AU - DeIuliis, Giuseppe
AU - Geng, Bertie
AU - Glick, Laura
AU - Handoko, Ryan
AU - Kalinich, Chaney
AU - Khoury-Hanold, William
AU - Kim, Daniel J.
AU - Knaggs, Lynda
AU - Kuang, Maxine
AU - Kudo, Eriko
AU - Lim, Joseph
AU - Linehan, Melissa
AU - Lu-Culligan, Alice
AU - Malik, Amyn A.
AU - Martin, Anjelica
AU - Matos, Irene
AU - McDonald, David
AU - Minasyan, Maksym
AU - Mohanty, Subhasis
AU - Muenker, M. Catherine
AU - Naushad, Nida
AU - Nelson, Allison
AU - Nouws, Jessica
AU - Nunez-Smith, Marcella
AU - Obaid, Abeer
AU - Ott, Isabel
AU - Park, Hong-Jai
AU - Peng, Xiaohua
AU - Petrone, Mary
AU - Prophet, Sarah
AU - Rahming, Harold
AU - Rice, Tyler
AU - Rose, Kadi-Ann
AU - Sewanan, Lorenzo
AU - Sharma, Lokesh
AU - Shepard, Denise
AU - Silva, Erin
AU - Simonov, Michael
AU - Smolgovsky, Mikhail
AU - Song, Eric
AU - Sonnert, Nicole
AU - Strong, Yvette
AU - Todeasa, Codruta
AU - Valdez, Jordan
AU - Velazquez, Sofia
AU - Vijayakumar, Pavithra
AU - Wang, Haowei
AU - Watkins, Annie
AU - White, Elizabeth B.
AU - Yang, Yexin
AU - Shaw, Albert
AU - Fournier, John B.
AU - Odio, Camila D.
AU - Farhadian, Shelli F.
AU - Dela Cruz, Charles S
AU - Grubaugh, Nathan D.
AU - Schulz, Wade L.
AU - Ring, Aaron M.
AU - Ko, Albert I.
AU - Omer, Saad B.
AU - Iwasaki, Akiko
PY - 2020
DA - December
TI - Sex differences in immune responses that underlie COVID-19 disease outcomes
JO - Nature Communications
EP - 320
VL - 588
IS -  7837
DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2700-3
AB - There is increasing evidence that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) produces more severe symptoms and higher mortality among men than among women. However, whether immune responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) differ between sexes, and whether such differences correlate with the sex difference in the disease course of COVID-19, is currently unknown. Here we examined sex differences in viral loads, SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody titres, plasma cytokines and blood-cell phenotyping in patients with moderate COVID-19 who had not received immunomodulatory medications. Male patients had higher plasma levels of innate immune cytokines such as IL-8 and IL-18 along with more robust induction of non-classical monocytes. By contrast, female patients had more robust T cell activation than male patients during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Notably, we found that a poor T cell response negatively correlated with patients’ age and was associated with worse disease outcome in male patients, but not in female patients. By contrast, higher levels of innate immune cytokines were associated with worse disease progression in female patients, but not in male patients. These findings provide a possible explanation for the observed sex biases in COVID-19, and provide an important basis for the development of a sex-based approach to the treatment and care of male and female patients with COVID-19.
PB - Springer Nature
UR - https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/281218/
KW - Coronavirus (COVID-19)
ER