- Published
- 17 March 2021
- Journal article
Differentiation of COVID-19 signs and symptoms from allergic rhinitis and common cold- An ARIA-EAACI-GA2 LENconsensus
- Authors
-
- Source
- Allergy
Full text
Abstract
Background: Although there are many asymptomatic patients, one of the problems of COVID-19 is early recognition of the disease. COVID-19 symptoms are polymorphic and may include upper respiratory symptoms. However, COVID-19 symptoms may be mistaken with the common cold or allergic rhinitis. An ARIA-EAACI study group attempted to differentiate upper respiratory symptoms between the three diseases.
Methods: A modified Delphi process was used and ARIA members who were seeing COVID-19 patients were asked to fill in a questionnaire on the upper airway symptoms of COVID-19, common cold and allergic rhinitis.
Results: Among the 192 ARIA members who were invited to respond to the questionnaire, 89 responded. 87 questionnaires were analysed. The consensus was then reported. A two-way ANOVA analysis revealed significant differences in the symptom intensity between the three diseases (p<0.001).
Conclusions: This modified Delphi approach enabled the differentiation of upper respiratory symptoms betweenCOVID-19, common cold and allergic rhinitis. An electronic algorithm will be devised using the questionnaire.
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Cite as
Hagemann, J., Onorato, G., Jutel, M., Akdis, C., Agache, I., Zuberbier, T., Czarlewski, W., Mullol, J., Bedbrook, A., Bachert, C., Bennoor, K., Bergmann, K., Braido, F., Camargos, P., Caraballo, L., Cardona, V., Casale, T., Cecchi, L., Chivato, T., Chu, D., Cingi, C., Correia-de-Sousa, J., Del Giacco, S., Dokic, D., Dykewicz, M., Ebisawa, M., El-Gamal, Y., Emuzyte, R., Fauquert, J., Fiocchi, A., Fokkens, W., Fonseca, J., Gemicioğlu, B., Gomez, M., Gotua, M., Haahtela, T., Hamelmann, E., Iinuma, T., Ivancevich, J., Jassem, E., Kalayci, O., Kardas, P., Khaitov, M., Kuna, P., Kvedariene, V., Larenas-Linnemann, D., Lipworth, B., Makris, M., Maspero, J., Miculinic, N., Mihaltan, F., Mohammad, Y., Montefort, S., Morais-Almeida, M., Mösges, R., Naclerio, R., Neffen, H., Niedoszytko, M., O'Hehir, R., Ohta, K., Okamoto, Y., Okubo, K., Panzner, P., Papadopoulos, N., Passalacqua, G., Patella, V., Pereira, A., Pfaar, O., Plavec, D., Popov, T., Prokopakis, E., Puggioni, F., Raciborski, F., Reijula, J., Regateiro, F., Reitsma, S., Romano, A., Rosario, N., Rottem, M., Ryan, D., Samolinski, B., Sastre, J., Solé, D., Sova, M., Stellato, C., Suppli-Ulrik, C., Tsiligianni, I., Valero, A., Valiulis, A., Valovirta, E., Vasankari, T., Ventura, M., Wallace, D., Wang, D., Williams, I., Yorgancioglu, A., Yusuf, O., Zernotti, M., Bousquet, J. & Klimek, L. 2021, 'Differentiation of COVID-19 signs and symptoms from allergic rhinitis and common cold- An ARIA-EAACI-GA2 LENconsensus', Allergy. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.14815