A year of genomic surveillance reveals how the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic unfolded in Africa

Authors

Wilkinson, Eduan ; 

Giovanetti, Marta; 

Tegally, Houriiyah; 

San, James E.; 

Lessells, Richard J.; 

Cuadros, Diego; 

Martin, Darren P. ; 

Rasmussen, David A.; 

Zekri, Abdel-Rahman N.; 

Sangare, Abdoul K.; 

Ouedraogo, Abdoul-Salam; 

Sesay, Abdul K.; 

Priscilla, Abechi; 

Kemi, Adedotun-Sulaiman; 

Olubusuyi, Adewunmi M.; 

Oluwapelumi, Adeyemi O. O.; 

Hammami, Adnène; 

Amuri, Adrienne A.; 

Sayed, Ahmad; 

Ouma, Ahmed E. O.; 

Elargoubi, Aida; 

Anthony, Ajayi N.; 

Victoria, Ajogbasile F.; 

Kazeem, Akano; 

George, Akpede; 

Trotter, Alexander J.; 

Yahaya, Ali A.; 

Keita, Alpha K.; 

Diallo, Amadou; 

Kone, Amadou; 

Souissi, Amal; 

Chtourou, Amel; 

Gutierrez, Ana V.; 

Page, Andrew J.; 

Vinze, Anika; 

Iranzadeh, Arash; 

Lambisia, Arnold W. ; 

Ismail, Arshad; 

Rosemary, Audu; 

Sylverken, Augustina; 

Femi, Ayoade; 

Ibrahimi, Azeddine; 

Marycelin, Baba; 

Oderinde, Bamidele S.; 

Bolajoko, Bankole; 

Dhaala, Beatrice; 

Herring, Belinda L.; 

Njanpop-Lafourcade, Berthe-Marie; 

Kleinhans, Bronwyn; 

McInnis, Bronwyn; 

Tegomoh, Bryan; 

Brook, Cara E.; 

Pratt, Catherine B.; 

Scheepers, Cathrine; 

Akoua-Koffi, Chantal G.; 

Agoti, Charles N. ; 

Peyrefitte, Christophe; 

Daubenberger, Claudia; 

Morang'a, Collins M.; 

Nokes, D. James; 

Amoako, Daniel G.; 

Bugembe, Daniel L.; 

Park, Danny; 

Baker, David J.; 

Doolabh, Deelan; 

Ssemwanga, Deogratius; 

Tshiabuila, Derek; 

Bassirou, Diarra; 

Amuzu, Dominic S. Y.; 

Goedhals, Dominique; 

Omuoyo, Donwilliams O.; 

Maruapula, Dorcas; 

Foster-Nyarko, Ebenezer; 

Lusamaki, Eddy K.; 

Simulundu, Edgar; 

Ong'era, Edidah M.; 

Ngabana, Edith N.; 

Shumba, Edwin; 

Fahime, Elmostafa El; 

Lokilo, Emmanuel; 

Mukantwari, Enatha; 

Philomena, Eromon; 

Belarbi, Essia; 

Simon-Loriere, Etienne; 

Anoh, Etilé A.; 

Leendertz, Fabian; 

Ajili, Faida; 

Enoch, Fakayode O.; 

Wasfi, Fares; 

Abdelmoula, Fatma; 

Mosha, Fausta S.; 

Takawira, Faustinos T.; 

Derrar, Fawzi; 

Bouzid, Feriel; 

Onikepe, Folarin; 

Adeola, Fowotade; 

Muyembe, Francisca M.; 

Tanser, Frank; 

Dratibi, Fred A.; 

Mbunsu, Gabriel K.; 

Thilliez, Gaetan; 

Kay, Gemma L.; 

Githinji, George; 

van Zyl, Gert; 

Awandare, Gordon A.; 

Schubert, Grit; 

Maphalala, Gugu P.; 

Ranaivoson, Hafaliana C.; 

Lemriss, Hajar; 

Anise, Happi; 

Abe, Haruka; 

Karray, Hela H.; 

Nansumba, Hellen; 

Elgahzaly, Hesham A.; 

Gumbo, Hlanai; 

Smeti, Ibtihel; 

Ayed, Ikhlas B.; 

Odia, Ikponmwosa; 

Boubaker, Ilhem Boutiba Ben; 

Gaaloul, Imed; 

Gazy, Inbal; 

Mudau, Innocent; 

Ssewanyana, Isaac; 

Konstantinus, Iyaloo S.; 

Lekana-Douk, Jean B.; 

Makangara, Jean-Claude C.; 

Tamfum, Jean-Jacques M.; 

Heraud, Jean-Michel; 

Shaffer, Jeffrey G.; 

Giandhari, Jennifer; 

Li, Jingjing; 

Yasuda, Jiro; 

Mends, Joana Q.; 

Kiconco, Jocelyn; 

Morobe, John M.; 

Gyapong, John O.; 

Okolie, Johnson C.; 

Kayiwa, John T.; 

Edwards, Johnathan A.; 

Gyamfi, Jones; 

Farah, Jouali; 

Nakaseegu, Joweria; 

Ngoi, Joyce M.; 

Namulondo, Joyce; 

Andeko, Julia C.; 

Lutwama, Julius J.; 

O'Grady, Justin; 

Siddle, Katherine; 

Adeyemi, Kayode T.; 

Tumedi, Kefentse A.; 

Said Mohammed, Khadija; 

Hae-Young, Kim; 

Duedu, Kwabena O.; 

Belyamani, Lahcen; 

Fki-Berrajah, Lamia; 

Singh, Lavanya; 

de Oliveira Martins, Leonardo; 

Tyers, Lynn; 

Ramuth, Magalutcheemee; 

Mastouri, Maha; 

Aouni, Mahjoub; 

El Hefnawi, Mahmoud; 

Matsheka, Maitshwarelo I.; 

Kebabonye, Malebogo; 

Diop, Mamadou; 

Turki, Manel; 

Paye, Marietou F.; 

Nyaga, Martin M.; 

Mareka, Mathabo; 

Damaris, Matoke-Muhia; 

Mburu, Maureen W.; 

Mpina, Maximillian G.; 

Nwando, Mba; 

Owusu, Michael; 

Wiley, Michael R.; 

Youtchou, Mirabeau T.; 

Ayekaba, Mitoha O.; 

Abouelhoda, Mohamed; 

Seadawy, Mohamed G.; 

Khalifa, Mohamed K.; 

Sekhele, Mooko; 

Ouadghiri, Mouna; 

Diagne, Moussa M.; 

Mwenda, Mulenga; 

Allam, Mushal; 

Phan, My V.T.; 

Abid, Nabil; 

Touil, Nadia; 

Rujeni, Nadine ; 

Kharrat, Najla; 

Ismael, Nalia; 

Dia, Ndongo; 

Mabunda, Nédio; 

Hsiao, Nei-yuan; 

Silochi, Nelson Boricó; 

Nsenga, Ngoy; 

Gumede, Nicksy; 

Mulder, Nicola; 

Ndodo, Nnaemeka; 

Razanajatovo, Norosoa; 

Iguosadolo, Nosamiefan; 

Judith, Oguzie; 

Kingsley, Ojide C.; 

Sylvanus, Okogbenin; 

Peter, Okokhere; 

Femi, Oladiji; 

Idowu, Olawoye; 

Testimony, Olumade; 

Chukwuma, Omoruyi E.; 

Ogah, Onwe E.; 

Chika, Onwuamah; 

Cyril, Oshomah; 

Faye, Ousmane; 

Tomori, Oyewale; 

Ondoa, Pascale; 

Combe, Patrice; 

Semanda, Patrick; 

Oluniyi, Paul E.; 

Arnaldo, Paulo; 

Quashie, Peter K.; 

Dussart, Philippe; 

Bester, Phillip A.; 

Mbala, Placide K.; 

Ayivor-Djanie, Reuben; 

Njouom, Richard; 

Phillips, Richard O.; 

Gorman, Richmond; 

Kingsley, Robert A.; 

Carr, Rosina A. A.; 

Kabbaj, Saâd El; 

Gargouri, Saba; 

Masmoudi, Saber; 

Sankhe, Safietou; 

Lawal, Salako B.; 

Kassim, Samar; 

Trabelsi, Sameh; 

Metha, Samar; 

Kammoun, Sami; 

Lemriss, Sanaâ; 

Agwa, Sara Hassan; 

Calvignac-Spencer, Sébastien; 

Schaffner, Stephen F.; 

Doumbia, Seydou; 

Mandanda, Sheila M.; 

Aryeetey, Sherihane; 

Ahmed, Shymaa S.; 

Elhamoumi, Siham; 

Andriamandimby, Soafy; 

Tope, Sobajo; 

Lekana-Douki, Sonia; 

Prosolek, Sophie J.; 

Ouangraoua, Soumeya; 

Mundeke, Steve A.; 

Rudder, Steven; 

Panji, Sumir; 

Pillay, Sureshnee; 

Engelbrecht, Susan; 

Nabadda, Susan; 

Behillil, Sylvie; 

Budiaki, Sylvie L.; 

van der Werf, Sylvie; 

Mashe, Tapfumanei; 

Aanniz, Tarik; 

Mohale, Thabo; 

Le-Viet, Thanh; 

Schindler, Tobias; 

Anyaneji, Ugochukwu J.; 

Chinedu, Ugwu; 

Ramphal, Upasana; 

Jessica, Uwanibe; 

George, Uwem; 

Fonseca, Vagner; 

Enouf, Vincent; 

Gorova, Vivianne; 

Roshdy, Wael H.; 

Ampofo, William K.; 

Preiser, Wolfgang; 

Choga, Wonderful T.; 

Bediako, Yaw; 

Naidoo, Yeshnee; 

Butera, Yvan; 

de Laurent, Zaydah R.; 

Sall, Amadou A.; 

Rebai, Ahmed; 

von Gottberg, Anne; 

Kouriba, Bourema; 

Williamson, Carolyn; 

Bridges, Daniel J.; 

Chikwe, Ihekweazu; 

Bhiman, Jinal N.; 

Mine, Madisa; 

Cotten, Matthew ; 

Moyo, Sikhulile; 

Gaseitsiwe, Simani; 

Saasa, Ngonda; 

Sabeti, Pardis C.; 

Kaleebu, Pontiano ; 

Tebeje, Yenew K.; 

Tessema, Sofonias K.; 

Happi, Christian; 

Nkengasong, John; 

De Oliveira, Tulio 

Source

Science