The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance

Authors

Tegally, Houriiyah; 

San, James E.; 

Cotten, Matthew ; 

Moir, Monika; 

Tegomoh, Bryan; 

Mboowa, Gerald; 

Martin, Darren P. ; 

Baxter, Cheryl; 

Lambisia, Arnold W. ; 

Diallo, Amadou; 

Amoako, Daniel G.; 

Diagne, Moussa M.; 

Sisay, Abay; 

Zekri, Abdel-Rahman N.; 

Gueye, Abdou Salam; 

Sangare, Abdoul K.; 

Ouedraogo, Abdoul-Salam; 

Sow, Abdourahmane; 

Musa, Abdualmoniem O.; 

Sesay, Abdul K.; 

Abias, Abe G.; 

Elzagheid, Adam I.; 

Lagare, Adamou; 

Kemi, Adedotun-Sulaiman; 

Abar, Aden Elmi; 

Johnson, Adeniji A.; 

Fowotade, Adeola; 

Oluwapelumi, Adeyemi O. O.; 

Amuri, Adrienne A.; 

Juru, Agnes; 

Kandeil, Ahmed; 

Mostafa, Ahmed; 

Rebai, Ahmed; 

Sayed, Ahmed M. ; 

Kazeem, Akano; 

Balde, Aladje; 

Christoffels, Alan; 

Trotter, Alexander J.; 

Campbell, Allan; 

Keita, Alpha K.; 

Kone, Amadou; 

Bouzid, Amal; 

Souissi, Amal; 

Agweyu, Ambrose; 

Naguib, Amel; 

Gutierrez, Ana V.; 

Nkeshimana, Anatole; 

Page, Andrew J.; 

Yadouleton, Anges; 

Vinze, Anika; 

Happi, Anise N.; 

Chouikha, Anissa; 

Iranzadeh, Arash; 

Maharaj, Arisha; 

Batchi-Bouyou, Armel L.; 

Ismail, Arshad; 

Sylverken, Augustina; 

Goba, Augustine; 

Femi, Ayoade; 

Sijuwola, Ayotunde E.; 

Marycelin, Baba; 

Salako, Babatunde L.; 

Oderinde, Bamidele S.; 

Bolajoko, Bankole; 

Diarra, Bassirou; 

Herring, Belinda L.; 

Tsofa, Benjamin; 

Lekana-Douki, Bernard; 

Mvula, Bernard; 

Njanpop-Lafourcade, Berthe-Marie; 

Marondera, Blessing T.; 

Khaireh, Bouh Abdi; 

Kouriba, Bourema; 

Adu, Bright; 

Pool, Brigitte; 

McInnis, Bronwyn; 

Brook, Cara E.; 

Williamson, Carolyn; 

Nduwimana, Cassien; 

Anscombe, Catherine; 

Pratt, Catherine B.; 

Scheepers, Cathrine; 

Akoua-Koffi, Chantal G.; 

Agoti, Charles N. ; 

Mapanguy, Chastel M.; 

Loucoubar, Cheikh; 

Onwuamah, Chika K.; 

Ihekweazu, Chikwe; 

Malaka, Christian N.; 

Peyrefitte, Christophe; 

Grace, Chukwa; 

Omoruyi, Chukwuma E.; 

Rafaï, Clotaire D.; 

Morang'a, Collins M.; 

Erameh, Cyril; 

Lule, Daniel B.; 

Bridges, Daniel J.; 

Mukadi-Bamuleka, Daniel; 

Park, Danny; 

Rasmussen, David A.; 

Baker, David J.; 

Nokes, D. James; 

Ssemwanga, Deogratius; 

Tshiabuila, Derek; 

Amuzu, Dominic S. Y.; 

Goedhals, Dominique; 

Grant, Donald S.; 

Omuoyo, Donwilliams O.; 

Maruapula, Dorcas; 

Wanjohi, Dorcas W.; 

Foster-Nyarko, Ebenezer; 

Lusamaki, Eddy K.; 

Simulundu, Edgar; 

Ong'era, Edidah M.; 

Ngabana, Edith N.; 

Abworo, Edward O.; 

Otieno, Edward; 

Shumba, Edwin; 

Barasa, Edwine; 

Ahmed, El Bara; 

Ahmed, Elhadi A.; 

Lokilo, Emmanuel; 

Mukantwari, Enatha; 

Philomena, Eromon; 

Belarbi, Essia; 

Simon-Loriere, Etienne; 

Anoh, Etilé A.; 

Manuel, Eusebio; 

Leendertz, Fabian; 

Taweh, Fahn M.; 

Wasfi, Fares; 

Abdelmoula, Fatma; 

Takawira, Faustinos T.; 

Derrar, Fawzi; 

Ajogbasile, Fehintola V.; 

Treurnicht, Florette; 

Onikepe, Folarin; 

Ntoumi, Francine; 

Muyembe, Francisca M.; 

Ragomzingba, Frank E. Z.; 

Dratibi, Fred A.; 

Iyanu, Fred-Akintunwa; 

Mbunsu, Gabriel K.; 

Thilliez, Gaetan; 

Kay, Gemma L.; 

Akpede, George O.; 

van Zyl, Gert U.; 

Awandare, Gordon A.; 

Kpeli, Grace S.; 

Schubert, Grit; 

Maphalala, Gugu P.; 

Ranaivoson, Hafaliana C.; 

Omunakwe, Hannah E.; 

Onywera, Harris; 

Abe, Haruka; 

Karray, Hela H.; 

Nansumba, Hellen; 

Triki, Henda; 

Kadjo, Herve Albéric Adje; 

Elgahzaly, Hesham A.; 

Gumbo, Hlanai; 

Mathieu, Hota; 

Kavunga-Membo, Hugo; 

Smeti, Ibtihel; 

Olawoye, Idowu B.; 

Adetifa, I.M.O. ; 

Odia, Ikponmwosa; 

Ben Boubaker, Ilhem Boutiba; 

Mohammad, Iluoreh Ahmed; 

Ssewanyana, Isaac; 

Wurie, Isatta; 

Konstantinus, Iyaloo S.; 

Halatoko, Jacqueline Wemboo Afiwa; 

Ayei, James; 

Sonoo, Janaki; 

Makangara, Jean-Claude C.; 

Tamfum, Jean-Jacques M.; 

Heraud, Jean-Michel; 

Shaffer, Jeffrey G.; 

Giandhari, Jennifer; 

Musyoki, Jennifer; 

Nkurunziza, Jerome; 

Uwanibe, Jessica N.; 

Bhiman, Jinal N.; 

Yasuda, Jiro; 

Morais, Joana; 

Kiconco, Jocelyn; 

Sandi, John D.; 

Huddleston, John; 

Odoom, John K.; 

Morobe, John M.; 

Gyapong, John O.; 

Kayiwa, John T.; 

Okolie, Johnson C.; 

Xavier, Joicymara S.; 

Gyamfi, Jones; 

Wamala, Joseph F.; 

Bonney, Joseph H. K.; 

Nyandwi, Joseph; 

Everatt, Josie; 

Nakaseegu, Joweria; 

Ngoi, Joyce M.; 

Namulondo, Joyce; 

Oguzie, Judith U.; 

Andeko, Julia C.; 

Lutwama, Julius J.; 

Mogga, Juma J. H.; 

O'Grady, Justin; 

Siddle, Katherine; 

Victoir, Kathleen; 

Adeyemi, Kayode T.; 

Tumedi, Kefentse A.; 

Carvalho, Kevin S.; 

Mohammed, Khadija Said; 

Dellagi, Koussay; 

Musonda, Kunda G.; 

Duedu, Kwabena O.; 

Fki-Berrajah, Lamia; 

Singh, Lavanya; 

Kepler, Lenora M.; 

Biscornet, Leon; 

de Oliveira Martins, Leonardo; 

Chabuka, Lucious; 

Olubayo, Luicer; 

Ojok, Lul Deng; 

Deng, Lul Lojok; 

Ochola-Oyier, Lynette Isabella ; 

Tyers, Lynn; 

Mine, Madisa; 

Ramuth, Magalutcheemee; 

Mastouri, Maha; 

ElHefnawi, Mahmoud; 

Mbanne, Maimouna; 

Matsheka, Maitshwarelo I.; 

Kebabonye, Malebogo; 

Diop, Mamadou; 

Momoh, Mambu; 

Lima Mendonça, Maria da Luz; 

Venter, Marietjie; 

Paye, Marietou F.; 

Faye, Martin; 

Nyaga, Martin M.; 

Mareka, Mathabo; 

Damaris, Matoke-Muhia; 

Mburu, Maureen W.; 

Mpina, Maximillian G.; 

Owusu, Michael; 

Wiley, Michael R.; 

Tatfeng, Mirabeau Y.; 

Ayekaba, Mitoha O.; 

Abouelhoda, Mohamed; 

Beloufa, Mohamed Amine; 

Seadawy, Mohamed G.; 

Khalifa, Mohamed K.; 

Matobo, Mooko Marethabile; 

Kane, Mouhamed; 

Salou, Mounerou; 

Mbulawa, Mpaphi B.; 

Mwenda, Mulenga; 

Allam, Mushal; 

Phan, My V.T.; 

Abid, Nabil; 

Rujeni, Nadine ; 

Abuzaid, Nadir; 

Ismael, Nalia; 

Elguindy, Nancy; 

Top, Ndeye Marieme; 

Dia, Ndongo; 

Mabunda, Nédio; 

Hsiao, Nei-yuan; 

Silochi, Nelson Boricó; 

Francisco, Ngiambudulu M.; 

Saasa, Ngonda; 

Bbosa, Nicholas; 

Murunga, Nickson; 

Gumede, Nicksy; 

Wolter, Nicole; 

Sitharam, Nikita; 

Ndodo, Nnaemeka; 

Ajayi, Nnennaya A.; 

Tordo, Noël; 

Mbhele, Nokuzola; 

Razanajatovo, Norosoa; 

Iguosadolo, Nosamiefan; 

Mba, Nwando; 

Kingsley, Ojide C.; 

Sylvanus, Okogbenin; 

Femi, Oladiji; 

Adewumi, Olubusuyi Moses; 

Testimony, Olumade; 

Ogunsanya, Olusola A.; 

Fakayode, Oluwatosin; 

Ogah, Onwe E.; 

Oludayo, Ope-Ewe; 

Faye, Ousmane; 

Smith-Lawrence, Pamela; 

Ondoa, Pascale; 

Combe, Patrice; 

Nabisubi, Patricia; 

Semanda, Patrick; 

Oluniyi, Paul E.; 

Arnaldo, Paulo; 

Quashie, Peter K.; 

Okokhere, Peter O.; 

Bejon, Philip; 

Dussart, Philippe; 

Bester, Phillip A.; 

Mbala, Placide K.; 

Kaleebu, Pontiano ; 

Abechi, Priscilla; 

El-Shesheny, Rabeh; 

Joseph, Rageema; 

Aziz, Ramy Karam; 

Essomba, René G.; 

Ayivor-Djanie, Reuben; 

Njouom, Richard; 

Phillips, Richard O.; 

Gorman, Richmond; 

Kingsley, Robert A.; 

Neto Rodrigues, Rosa Maria; 

Audu, Rosemary A.; 

Carr, Rosina A. A.; 

Gargouri, Saba; 

Masmoudi, Saber; 

Bootsma, Sacha; 

Sankhe, Safietou; 

Mohamed, Sahra Isse; 

Femi, Saibu; 

Mhalla, Salma; 

Hosch, Salome; 

Kassim, Samar; 

Metha, Samar; 

Trabelsi, Sameh; 

Agwa, Sara Hassan; 

Mwangi, Sarah Wambui; 

Doumbia, Seydou; 

Makiala-Mandanda, Sheila; 

Aryeetey, Sherihane; 

Ahmed, Shymaa S.; 

Ahmed, Side Mohamed; 

Elhamoumi, Siham; 

Moyo, Sikhulile; 

Lutucuta, Silvia; 

Gaseitsiwe, Simani; 

Jalloh, Simbirie; 

Andriamandimby, Soafy; 

Oguntope, Sobajo; 

Grayo, Solène; 

Lekana-Douki, Sonia; 

Prosolek, Sophie J.; 

Ouangraoua, Soumeya; 

van Wyk, Stephanie; 

Schaffner, Stephen F.; 

Kanyerezi, Stephen; 

Ahuka-Mundeke, Steve; 

Rudder, Steven; 

Pillay, Sureshnee; 

Nabadda, Susan; 

Behillil, Sylvie; 

Budiaki, Sylvie L.; 

van der Werf, Sylvie; 

Mashe, Tapfumanei; 

Mohale, Thabo; 

Le-Viet, Thanh; 

Velavan, Thirumalaisamy P.; 

Schindler, Tobias; 

Maponga, Tongai; 

Bedford, Trevor; 

Anyaneji, Ugochukwu J.; 

Chinedu, Ugwu; 

Ramphal, Upasana; 

George, Uwem; 

Enouf, Vincent; 

Nene, Vishvanath; 

Gorova, Vivianne; 

Roshdy, Wael H.; 

Karim, Wasim Abdul; 

Ampofo, William K.; 

Preiser, Wolfgang; 

Choga, Wonderful T.; 

Ahmed, Yahaya Ali; 

Ramphal, Yajna; 

Bediako, Yaw; 

Naidoo, Yeshnee; 

Butera, Yvan; 

de Laurent, Zaydah R.; 

Ouma, Ahmed E. O.; 

von Gottberg, Anne; 

Githinji, George; 

Moeti, Matshidiso R; 

Tomori, Oyewale; 

Sabeti, Pardis C.; 

Sall, Amadou A.; 

Oyola, Samuel O.; 

Tebeje, Yenew K.; 

Tessema, Sofonias K.; 

Happi, Christian; 

Lessells, Richard J.; 

Nkengasong, John; 

Wilkinson, Eduan ; 

De Oliveira, Tulio 

Source

Science