- Published
- 24 August 2022
- Journal article
The prognostic and discriminatory utility of the Clinical Frailty Scale and modified frailty Index compared to age
- Authors
- Source
- Geriatrics
Abstract
Background: There is no consensus on the optimal method for the assessment of frailty. We compared the prognostic utility of two approaches (modified Frailty Index [mFI], Clinical Frailty Scale [CFS]) in older adults (≥65 years) hospitalised with COVID-19 versus age.
Methods: We used a test and validation cohort that enrolled participants hospitalised with COVID-19 between 27 February and 30 June 2020. Multivariable mixed-effects logistic modelling was undertaken, with 28-day mortality as the primary outcome. Nested models were compared between a base model, age and frailty assessments using likelihood ratio testing (LRT) and an area under the receiver operating curves (AUROC).
Results: The primary cohort enrolled 998 participants from 13 centres. The median age was 80 (range:65–101), 453 (45%) were female, and 377 (37.8%) died within 28 days. The sample was replicated in a validation cohort of two additional centres (n = 672) with similar characteristics. In the primary cohort, both mFI and CFS were associated with mortality in the base models. There was improved precision when fitting CFS to the base model +mFI (LRT = 25.87, p < 0.001); however, there was no improvement when fitting mFI to the base model +CFS (LRT = 1.99, p = 0.16). AUROC suggested increased discrimination when fitting CFS compared to age (p = 0.02) and age +mFI (p = 0.03). In contrast, the mFI offered no improved discrimination in any comparison (p > 0.05). Similar findings were seen in the validation cohort.
Conclusions: These observations suggest the CFS has superior prognostic value to mFI in predicting mortality following COVID-19. Our data do not support the use of the mFI as a tool to aid clinical decision-making and prognosis.
Rights
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Cite as
Carter, B., Keevil, V., Anand, A., Osuafor, C., Goudie, R., Preller, J., Lowry, M., Clunie, S., Shenkin, S., McCarthy, K., Hewitt, J. & Quinn, T. 2022, 'The prognostic and discriminatory utility of the Clinical Frailty Scale and modified frailty Index compared to age', Geriatrics, 7(5), article no: 87. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics7050087