Advice for breathing easy this winter

During the colder winter months when people stay indoors for longer, and in larger groups, we often see a rise in respiratory illnesses like flu, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and other seasonal infections. Now that Winter has arrived, Kim Marsh, interim Viral Pathogens Lead at Public Health Scotland, reflects on the work we do to monitor flu and other respiratory viruses. Kim also shares some top tips on the things we can do to help keep ourselves and others well during the winter season.

Rising numbers of respiratory illnesses can lead to more people becoming unwell and needing care. This time of year can be particularly challenging for older people, those with chronic health conditions, and others who are more vulnerable.

However, there are ways we can all make sure that we keep ourselves healthy and well, and there’s still time to take steps to prepare for the coming winter season.

Being aware of common respiratory illnesses

You can stay informed of levels and trends of the most common seasonal infections by accessing PHS’s weekly respiratory report or dashboard.

Although most infections are currently at low levels, the latest data show that flu cases in the community, as well as hospital admissions because of flu, are continuing to rise.

RSV cases and hospital admissions have risen sharply this season, particularly in young children, with babies under one year of age being most affected. This emphasises the importance of the RSV maternal vaccination programme.

The weekly respiratory report and dashboard is available on the PHS website.

Protecting yourself through vaccination

Vaccinations are one of the best tools we have to prevent serious illness. This winter, flu and COVID-19 vaccines, along with others like the pneumococcal and new RSV vaccines, are especially important for those who are eligible. If you are invited for a vaccination this winter, please use the opportunity to increase your protection by taking up the offer.

More information on the winter vaccination programme is available on NHS Inform Winter vaccines | NHS inform.

Information on the RSV vaccine is available on NHS Inform RSV vaccine for adults | NHS inform.

Managing chronic conditions and minor illnesses

People with chronic conditions often find their health can worsen during winter or be exacerbated by seasonal infections. Managing these conditions or infections early by staying in touch with your practice nurse or GP, can help prevent more serious problems down the road. Learning what you can do from home, from using your medications properly to knowing when and where to seek help, is also important.

By managing minor illnesses or chronic conditions with your GP or pharmacist, you can help keep hospital services available for those who need urgent care. Pharmacies offer an opportunity to get advice on minor but bothersome influenza-like or cold symptoms, which can be a quicker and more appropriate option than visiting your GP or A&E.

For those who are elderly, frail, immunocompromised, or receiving palliative care, having a clear care plan during winter is vital. If you fall into any of these categories it’s important that you, your carers, and your families are in regular contact with their healthcare team to ensure they have the right support and medication available. For example, people who are eligible for COVID-19 or influenza prophylaxis or antivirals should be sure that they are able to arrange treatment if required.

More information on preparing for winter is available on NHS Inform Prepare for winter | NHS inform.

Information on who is eligible for coronavirus treatment is also available on NHS Inform Coronavirus (COVID-19): Treatments | NHS inform.

Maintaining our mental wellbeing

Finally, winter, with the addition of respiratory illnesses, can be tough on mental health too. Isolation, shorter days, and higher living costs can make people feel down or overwhelmed, and they may not always be able to prioritise looking after themselves when unwell. If you or someone you know is struggling, reach out for help. GPs, mental health services, and community groups who can offer support, advice, and a listening ear. Keeping an eye out for those around you - whether it’s a neighbour, friend, or relative - can make a big difference.

Advice on dealing with low mood is also available on NHS Inform Mental wellbeing | NHS inform.

Together, by staying informed, getting vaccinated if eligible, and taking simple steps to keep ourselves healthy and well, we can help avoid the need for health service treatment this winter and all breath a bit easier this festive season.