An admission marks the start of an inpatient or day case episode.

European age-sex standardised rate or EASR, usually expressed per 100,000 population. Standardising for age and sex allows comparisons between different populations and over time where population structures change. In this report, all rates are directly standardised to the European Standard Population (ESP) 2013.

Average length of a continuous inpatient stay in hospital for a specified group of patients.

Describes the council area that the patient lives in. A council area is an area made for local government. There are 32 council areas in Scotland. They are all governed by unitary authorities called 'councils'. The council areas were created on 1 April 1996, under the provisions of the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1994.

This report uses the 2019 council area boundaries throughout, for all years of data.

Refers to the relationship between where patients live and where they are treated. Our diagram shows you how many patients from each NHS Board of residence were treated outside their Board. If your preferred measure is number of discharges rather than number of patients, you will find this information in the 'Table' tab of the Data Explorer.

Up to six diagnoses (one principal and five secondary) may be recorded per hospital episode. Only principal diagnosis was used to create diagnosis groupings in the Explorer (see Table 2 below for a breakdown of the groupings). The only exception is the grouping 'Organic, including symptomatic, mental disorders' (F00-F09), as it includes cases where a principal diagnosis G was followed by a secondary diagnosis of F00.

A hospital discharge marks the end of an episode of care. This may include deaths, transfers to other specialties/significant facilities/hospitals, and discharges to place of residence.

Discharge type indicates whether a discharge from an inpatient or day case episode is regular, irregular (e.g. self-discharge) or as a result of the patient's death.

The discharge types aggregate into discharge groups as follows: Regular Discharge comprises Regular discharge (No additional detail added); Discharge from NHS inpatient/day case care; Transfer within the same Health Board/Health Care Provider; Transfer to another Health Board/Health Care Provider; Other type of regular discharge; and Regular discharge (Type not known). Irregular Discharge comprises Irregular Discharge (No additional detail added); Patient discharged himself/herself against medical advice; Patient discharged by relative; Patient absconded from detention (SMR04 only); Other type of irregular discharge; and Irregular discharge (Type not known). Death comprises Death (No additional detail added); Death – Post Mortem; Death - No Post Mortem; and Death - Whilst on pass. For more information, visit: https://www.ndc.scot.nhs.uk/Dictionary-A-Z/Definitions/index.asp?Search=D&ID=224&Title=Discharge%20Type

An episode starts with a referral (including re-referral) or admission. It ends with a discharge.

Financial years start on 1 April and end on 31 March. For example, financial year 2017/2018 covers the period 1 April 2017 – 31 March 2018.

A hospital resident is an individual who is an inpatient at midnight on 31 March, before the beginning of the next financial year (1 April). The term 'hospital resident' is used for simplicity. This is because some people will be looked after in care homes under contract to the local NHS Board.

The Explorer only includes hospital residents in psychiatric specialties. This measure, i.e., hospital residents, is not used in non-psychiatric specialties due to fewer patients experiencing long stays.

The International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (World Health Organization). For more information, visit: ICD-10 Version:2019 (who.int)

Refers to treatment specialty ‘G5 - Learning Disability’. A specialty is a division of medicine or dentistry covering a specific area of clinical activity.

Describes which of the 14 Scottish territorial NHS Boards the patient lives in. This is based on the postcode of their home address.

This report uses the 2019 NHS Board boundaries throughout, for all years of data.

Note: People who are resident outwith Scotland or with no fixed abode are included in a separate category labelled 'Other'.

Describes which of the 14 Scottish territorial NHS Boards the patient was treated in. NHS Orkney and NHS Shetland have no psychiatric hospitals within their area. As such, these boards are not valid selections when looking at psychiatric specialties. 'NHS Board of treatment' also includes the State Hospital, which is an exclusively psychiatric facility, and the National Waiting Times Centre, a non-psychiatric facility. These two are Special Health Boards. Special Health Boards support the regional NHS Boards by providing a range of important specialist and national services.

A patient is an individual discharged from hospital at least once during the financial year. Patients are counted only once in each financial year, even if they have been discharged more than once. This is only if these discharges are from the same specialty. If they have been discharged from both psychiatric and non-psychiatric specialties in the same financial year, they will be counted in each. Therefore, the two specialty totals may not sum to the overall specialty total. To calculate the total, patients are counted only once per year regardless of how many times they have been discharged in a year or whether they have been discharged from both specialties.

The annual number of events relative to the size of the population, expressed per 100,000 population. It takes no account of differences between populations with regard to age and gender composition.

Refers to a case where a patient who had been discharged from hospital is admitted again within a defined period of time. The ‘Readmissions’ tab in the Data Explorer shows percentage readmissions. This was calculated by dividing the total number of readmissions by the total number of CISs. Only readmissions in the following psychiatric specialties have been included in this publication: G1 - General Psychiatry and G4 – Psychiatry of Old Age.

The RII describes inequality across the full population relative to the mean and takes into consideration the population size of each deprivation quintile. A higher RII indicates greater inequality in the most deprived quintile compared to the least deprived quintile relative to the mean, i.e. it shows how much more likely people from the most deprived quintile are to experience inpatient mental health care compared to people from the least deprived quintile in that year.

The SIMD uses a wide range of information for small areas (data zones) to identify concentrations of multiple deprivation across Scotland. The data zones are then arranged in five groups (quintiles), ranging from the most deprived (1 - contains the 20% most deprived data zones) to the least deprived (5 - contains the 20% least deprived data zones). The SIMD version used depends on the years in question. More information can be found in the PHS Deprivation Guidance (Version 3.4, Section 3.2, pg. 12): https://www.isdscotland.org/Products-and-Services/GPD-Support/Deprivation/_docs/PHS-Deprivation-Guidance-version-3-4.pdf

Scottish Morbidity Record 04 – an episode-based patient record relating to all inpatients and day cases admitted to and discharged from NHS mental health (psychiatric) specialties in Scotland.

Total length of a continuous inpatient stay in hospital.

A specialty is a division of medicine covering a specific area of clinical activity. In the information presented in this publication, it is possible to differentiate between patients treated in psychiatric specialties and patients treated in non-psychiatric specialties. You can download a complete list of specialties included under each category from the following website: https://publichealthscotland.scot/services/national-data-catalogue/data-dictionary/a-to-z-of-data-dictionary-terms/specialtydiscipline/

Please note that activity in the Learning Disability specialty is excluded from all breakdowns in this release except the Learning Disability specific analysis.